In particular, the relationship between artistic ability or musical ability and the high academic ability usually associated with high IQ scores is still being explored, with some authors referring to all of those forms of high ability as 'giftedness', while other authors distinguish 'giftedness' from 'talent'. For example, by some definitions, an intellectually gifted person may have a striking talent for mathematics without equally strong language skills. The various definitions of intellectual giftedness include either general high ability or specific abilities. Definitions of giftedness also vary across cultures. There is no generally agreed definition of giftedness for either children or adults, but most school placement decisions and most longitudinal studies over the course of individual lives have followed people with IQs in the top 2.5 percent of the population-that is, IQs above 130. It is thought to persist as a trait into adult life, with various consequences studied in longitudinal studies of giftedness over the last century. It is a characteristic of children, variously defined, that motivates differences in school programming. Intellectual giftedness is an intellectual ability significantly higher than average. For other uses, see Gifted (disambiguation).